Health risk-based prioritization approaches of pharmaceuticals in the Upper Citarum River Basin

Abstract Two methods were developed to prioritize human health risks of pharmaceuticals based on defined daily doses (DDDs) obtained from the WHO and acute toxicity data (TDLo) PubChem database. A major advantage these is that it requires no acceptable intake (ADI), reference dose (RfD), or tolerable (TDI) values, which are often unavailable difficult obtain for group. Both applied 16 detected by passive samplers in water source Ciwalengke Village, a peri-urban area Upper Citarum River Basin. Ten out could be prioritized using both methods. The risk indicator values (RI hum ) showed good agreement between two approaches, especially Caffeine Trimethoprim. priority ranking Lidocaine always top 3 highest risks. comparison considerable consistency, indicating prioritization reasonably line with each other. pharmaceutical through exposure contaminated river was expected pose negligible (i.e. RI < 1) but can refined more conducting supplementary effects studies other individual mixtures.